Behavioral Variation in Individual and Group Exploration of the Tropical Fire ant <i>Solenopsis geminata</i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

In social insects, variations in worker behavior at both individual and group levels allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. The individual and group exploration behaviors of the tropical fire ant <i>Solenopsis geminata</i> were investigated in this study. Here we examined the time individual workers spent exploring four different food items, the types of food they discovered, and the dwell time (the duration spent on each food item). We also examined whether individual variations in exploratory behavior influence group-level exploratory behavior. In the individual exploration assay, there were significant effects of nest and food on the dwell time. The average exploratory time taken by workers in the group exploration assay showed no significant difference between experienced and inexperienced workers in Nest 1. However, a significant difference was found between the groups in Nest 2. Here, observations showed that <i>S. geminata</i> workers in the group could find the food more quickly than individual workers. Our work suggested that varying degrees of exploratory behavior exist among individual workers and groups, which may potentially impact foraging efficiency and resource utilization. The tropical fire ant, <i>S. geminata</i>, is a globally invasive species that has been introduced to Taiwan for over 40 years. Incorporating an analysis of exploratory behavior into the study of invasive species allows us to better understand the mechanisms driving their progression.