Unmasking the ethical dimensions of data-sharing in health research: perspectives from researchers at a public university in Uganda

In resource-limited settings like Uganda, ethical sharing of health research data is crucial for advancing scientific knowledge. Despite the growing trend of data-sharing in the digital age, its adoption in low-resource contexts is often hampered by complex ethical considerations. This study explored researchers’ perspectives and ethical concerns regarding data-sharing at a public university. A qualitative phenomenographic approach was employed involving 26 participants at Makerere University College of Health Sciences, including professors, lecturers, research fellows, and PhD students. Data was collected through in-depth interviews conducted via Zoom or in person, using an interview guide. Data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti (V9), using both deductive and inductive approaches. The study revealed a complex landscape of data-sharing practices among researchers. Participants exhibited varying understandings of data sharing, with some demonstrating limited awareness. Incentives such as financial rewards and co-authorship were widely viewed as crucial for encouraging data sharing. While acknowledging data sources in publications was appreciated, some researchers emphasized the need for co-authorship in cases of significant contributions. Researchers’ autonomy and control over data-sharing practices were influenced by factors such as research concept origination, funding sources, financial status, and analytical skills. Institutional policies, cultural norms, and customs that promote a ‘siloed’ research environment also significantly influenced of data-sharing behavior. This study revealed a complex landscape of data-sharing practices among researchers. The varying interpretations of data sharing highlight the need for enhanced education and awareness regarding its importance. The identified incentives, such as financial rewards and co-authorship, which encourage data sharing, suggest a need to establish a fair data-sharing reward system. Additionally, policies that facilitate researchers’ autonomy and data control, while fostering trust, are crucial to address the siloed research culture.