Microbe-Derived Antioxidants Promote the Expression of Nutrient Transporters through Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy in Mice Challenged with Diquat

We evaluated the effects and underlying mechanisms of microbe-derived antioxidants (MA) on the expression of nutrient transporters in mice challenged with diquat.Thirty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control and Diquat group, both orally administered with 0.9% saline each day; MA+Diquat group, administered with 0.065 mg/mL day -1 MA.At day 22, the mice were injected with 0.9% saline (Control) or 1.8 mg/mL diquat (Diquat and MA+Diquat groups) and sacrificed for jejunum samples after 3 h.Results showed that oral administration of MA alleviated diquat-induced intestinal oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased (P < 0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), enhanced (P < 0.05) content of total glutathione (T-GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decreased (P < 0.05) contents of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA).Compared with the Diquat group, pretreatment with MA elevated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of glucose transporters, fatty acid transporters and oligopeptide and amino acid transporters.Notably, diquat supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, whereas such increases were inhibited (P < 0.05) by MA supplementation in diquat challenged mice.In addition, complementation of MA elevated (P < 0.05) the mRNA and protein expression of microtubleassociated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and beclin-1 in diquat challenged mice.Collectively, our findings indicate that the promoted expression of nutrient transporters in MA-pretreated mice appears to be associated with the enhanced autophagy and the inhibited apoptosis.