Deixis in Explaining Arabic Proverbs: A Study in the Book of (Jamharat Al-Amthal) by Abu Hilal Al-Askari

This research studied deixis in the book of (Jamharat Al-Amthal) by Abu Hilal al-Askari, as one of the most important research topics in the modern pragmatics. It is also a part of rhetoric research in the contemporary trends that link language and usage, as general rhetoric - which is a branch of the modern rhetoric - relies on the convergence between the imaginary and the pragmatic in one of its descriptions. As for the term (deixis), it is a modern term taken from pragmatics, in addition to a group of other topics such as: speech acts, dialogism, presuppositions, and speech implications...etc. The concept of deixis is linked to the organization that language provides for interpreting signs and determining the meanings of functions. It is also based on the element of interaction in the conversation among the discourse parties. As for the types of deixis, there are five, as follows: personal deixis, temporal deixis, spatial deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. Accordingly, the importance of this research comes from the fact that it examines cultural and linguistic signs, namely (proverbs), in their usage dimension by invoking the proverb's context, thus removing the ambiguity and restoring the proverb’s semantic power to improve its circulation in other contexts. This is one of the most important topics in linguistics that studies the linguistic elements referring to the context in terms of the presence of the speaker, the hearer, and time or place.