Role of Good Governance and Political Party in Resolving Mega‐Dam Issues: An Instrumental Case Study

ABSTRACT Mega‐dam construction often entails significant socio‐environmental disruptions, particularly the displacement of local communities. This paper critically examines the role of good governance and political parties in resolving issues surrounding the construction and commissioning of the Mapithel Dam (Thoubal Multipurpose Project) in Manipur, India. The project, which faced over three decades of resistance, serves as an instrumental case study to explore how governance strategies and political actions influenced conflict resolution in mega‐dam issues. Using a conceptual framework of good governance, this study evaluates how governance practices influenced the resolution of these conflicts. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with respondents from Tumukhong (downstream) and Chadong (upstream) villages, as well as focus group discussions, to capture the perceptions of local communities. Poor governance characterized much of the dam's early development, and among many factors, the project's prolonged delay exacerbated the grievances. However, a shift in governance strategies during the last decade resulted in a significant reduction in active resistance. The change in political leadership appeared to have redefined the state's approach to resolving conflict, but some unresolved issues remain. The case study highlights that while good governance can help mitigate conflict, it requires sustained political will and a commitment to equity and inclusiveness to be truly effective. The Mapithel Dam case illustrates the complex interplay between governance, political parties, and affected communities. The study underscores the necessity of integrating good governance principles with political acumen to ensure sustainable and just outcomes for all stakeholders.