Correlation between diabetes mellitus and patterns of alveolar bone defects in patients seeking dental implants: A cross-sectional CBCT study

There are no previous studies that recognize a correlation between diabetes mellitus and ridge defect according to Siebert's classification. Therefore, the aim of this cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) study was to assess correlation between diabetic patients and pattern of bone defect according to Seibert classification among patients who attended to replace their missing teeth by dental implants. The present CBCT study was conducted in private dental clinics in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. All the participants complained of missing teeth and came to replace them with dental implant. The data were collected from patients' files at the period between March 2022 and May 2024. The selected files with their CBCT in the study were arranged and classified according to alveolar bone status based on Siebert's classification of bone defects and medical condition of patients in relation to diabetic mellitus. Chi-square test was used to check the association between categorical variables. A P-value < .05 was considered statistically significant. For all 1500 CBCT patients according to Siebert's classification of bone defects diabetic patients which represent 375 of participants, had highest prevalence of class II alveolar bone defect with (51.2%) followed by class III (42.4%) and significant differences were recorded in variables as gender, area of bone defect, and diabetic status of the patient with P-values .004, .000, and .000, respectively. In our study population, according to Siebert's classification of bone defects, CBCT of the contributors shows that class II was the highest prevalence in all participants and diabetes patients than other classes. The female patient had more bone loss compared to the male, and the posterior maxillary alveolar defect was the highest area of bone defect.