Performance effects of wide bandwidth very low-frequency magneto-electric antennas based on multiple clamping methods

Magneto-electric (ME) antennas operating at very low frequency (VLF, 3–30[Formula: see text]kHz) are known as a new solution to communication applications. In actual tests, the clamping effect is a significant factor affecting the performance. In this study, an extended model is developed based on the modified Butterworth-Van Dyke (MBVD) model by incorporating multiple clamping methods into the ME antenna. The experimental results show that the proper clamping position and stress can significantly improve the antenna receiving and radiating performance, so that the peak magneto-electric coefficient (MEC) and the converse magneto-electric coefficient (CMEC) are increased by 5.223% and 33.91%, respectively. In addition, the resonant frequency of the ME antenna is modulated by the clamping effect. Under stress ranging from 0 to 25[Formula: see text]MPa, the operating frequencies for transmitting and receiving are tunable in the range of 20.31–21.79[Formula: see text]kHz and 19.22–20.66[Formula: see text]kHz. Compared to single-clamp studies, multi-clamp systems enable flexible adjustment of boundary conditions, which significantly broadens the tunable range of ME antenna bandwidth and systematically studies the dependence of ME antenna performance on clamping position and stress.