Innovative silver nanoplatforms: Overcoming challenges in oral biofilm treatment

Pathogenic oral biofilms pose a major global health challenge due to their resilience and the limitations of conventional treatments. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a promising alternative, yet their efficacy is limited by poor colloidal stability and restricted matrix penetration. This review explores the rational design of innovative silver nanoplatforms to overcome these barriers. We focus on strategic interface engineering that enables stimuli-responsive activation, enhanced targeting, and improved retention within the complex oral biofilm microenvironment. The mechanisms and performance of polymer-functionalized, encapsulated, template-supported, and hybrid AgNP systems are critically examined. Furthermore, we analyze their clinical potential in managing oral infections and discuss the key translation challenges and future directions. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review aims to provide valuable insights that will guide the development of advanced nanotherapeutic strategies for effective oral biofilm management. • Smart silver nanoplatforms responsive to oral biofilm microenvironment. • Colloid science strategies for enhancing nanoparticle stability and targeted delivery. • Novel silver nanostrategies to overcome challenges in oral biofilm treatment. • Clinical translation potential and recent trials for oral infections. • Analysis of the challenges and opportunities faced by future.