Inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar imaging-driven customized polarization-programmable meta-illusions enabled by spin-multiplexed single-layer metasurfaces

Electromagnetic illusion (EMI) technology faces critical limitations including narrow bandwidths, restricted angular stability, and polarization inflexibility. Inspired by nature’s adaptive camouflage, we present a revolutionary approach for generating customizable polarization-selective EMIs through broadband linear-phase spin-multiplexed (BLPS) metasurfaces integrated with inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. Our strategy elevates the canonical phase-dispersion–displacement framework from a scalar model to a polarization-resolved vector paradigm, rigorously linking each meta-atom’s phase dispersion to its polarization-dependent spatial displacement in ISAR reconstructions and delivering fully programmable illusion control. Through BLPS metasurfaces, our single-layer platform generates diverse illusion modes: misalignment and bending under left-handed circular polarization, and tilting and splitting under right-handed circular polarization. The framework extends to arbitrary polarization states via coherent superposition, enabling customizable illusions under linear and elliptical channels; verifying capabilities include controllable displacement (10–30 mm), variable curvature, adjustable tilt angles (5°–10°), and multi-target splitting. Experimental validation using 18×18 and 25×25 fabricated arrays demonstrates robust performance across ±30° angular ranges, with measured patterns matching theoretical predictions. This work transcends conventional limitations, providing unprecedented design flexibility for adaptive radar countermeasures and next-generation stealth technologies.