Orbital Floor Repair: Retrospective Analysis

Orbital floor fractures (OFFs) are frequent facial trauma injuries that often lead to complications such as enophthalmos, diplopia, and infraorbital hypoesthesia. Surgical reconstruction involves the use of various materials, including titanium mesh (TM), porous polyethylene (PP), plate/screw fixation, and urinary catheters (UCs). This study aimed to evaluate surgical approaches, reconstruction materials, and postoperative outcomes in patients with OFFs. We retrospectively analyzed 103 patients who underwent OFF repair between January 2019 and December 2024. Data concerning patient demographics, trauma mechanisms, fracture types, surgical approaches, reconstruction materials, and postoperative complications were collected. The study cohort predominantly comprised men (86.4%; median age, 31 years). The most common cause of facial trauma was motor vehicle collisions (48.5%). The median time to surgery was 6.5 days for adults and 6 days for pediatric patients. Surgical approaches varied, as did the reconstruction materials used (TM, PP, plate/screw, and UC). Postoperative complications occurred in 24.2% cases of pure OFFs and in 28.2% cases of combined OFFs, with no significant difference (P = 0.85). Logistic regression analysis indicated higher complication risks with PP and UCs than with TM, whereas plate/screw fixation showed a lower risk. In this cohort, TM demonstrated the lowest complication rate. Porous polyethylene and UC showed trends toward higher complication rates, although these findings did not reach statistical significance and must be interpreted with caution because of small subgroup sizes. Plate/screw fixation is advantageous for the treatment of complex fractures; however, further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.