Confinement reveals hidden splay-bend order in twist-bend nematics

Using extensive Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate how spatial confinement reorganizes thin films of the twist-bend nematic (N_{TB}). Confinement markedly amplifies otherwise elusive splay-bend order by frustrating the three-dimensional heliconical texture of bulk N_{TB}. We find that a homochiral N_{TB} layer evolves into nonchiral splay-bend order via an interfacial smectic splay-bend-twist (S_{SBT}) band with periodically alternating handedness. Generally, for planar anchoring between parallel walls, with the helical wave vector parallel to the plates, globally polar smectic splay-bend (S_{SB}) layers form near the surfaces. Moving inward, the interfacial stack relaxes to bulk N_{TB} either directly through this S_{SBT} band or through a sequence that includes both the S_{SBT} and the nematic splay-bend-twist (N_{SBT}) phases. The N_{SBT} band is most pronounced at large molecular bend angles, i.e., near the N_{TB}-S_{A} boundary of the bulk phase diagram. Mode-resolved maps of elementary director distortions (splay, twist, bend, saddle-splay) corroborate this confinement-driven hierarchy. These results suggest thin-film routes to stabilize and diagnose modulated polar nematic and smectic organizations that are difficult to access in bulk.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. E
Published
2026-01-13
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/bllb-xmfh
Primary Topic
Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
Type
article
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article

Confinement reveals hidden splay-bend order in twist-bend nematics

Piotr Kubala, Lech Longa, Szymon Drzazga
Physical review. E
Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
article

Confinement reveals hidden splay-bend order in twist-bend nematics

Piotr Kubala, Lech Longa, Szymon Drzazga
article en

Abstract

Using extensive Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate how spatial confinement reorganizes thin films of the twist-bend nematic (N_{TB}). Confinement markedly amplifies otherwise elusive splay-bend order by frustrating the three-dimensional heliconical texture of bulk N_{TB}. We find that a homochiral N_{TB} layer evolves into nonchiral splay-bend order via an interfacial smectic splay-bend-twist (S_{SBT}) band with periodically alternating handedness. Generally, for planar anchoring between parallel walls, with the helical wave vector parallel to the plates, globally polar smectic splay-bend (S_{SB}) layers form near the surfaces. Moving inward, the interfacial stack relaxes to bulk N_{TB} either directly through this S_{SBT} band or through a sequence that includes both the S_{SBT} and the nematic splay-bend-twist (N_{SBT}) phases. The N_{SBT} band is most pronounced at large molecular bend angles, i.e., near the N_{TB}-S_{A} boundary of the bulk phase diagram. Mode-resolved maps of elementary director distortions (splay, twist, bend, saddle-splay) corroborate this confinement-driven hierarchy. These results suggest thin-film routes to stabilize and diagnose modulated polar nematic and smectic organizations that are difficult to access in bulk.

Physical review. EVol. 113(2)
Hiroshima University (JP), Jagiellonian University (PL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 99%
Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
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