Confinement reveals hidden splay-bend order in twist-bend nematics
Using extensive Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we investigate how spatial confinement reorganizes thin films of the twist-bend nematic (N_{TB}). Confinement markedly amplifies otherwise elusive splay-bend order by frustrating the three-dimensional heliconical texture of bulk N_{TB}. We find that a homochiral N_{TB} layer evolves into nonchiral splay-bend order via an interfacial smectic splay-bend-twist (S_{SBT}) band with periodically alternating handedness. Generally, for planar anchoring between parallel walls, with the helical wave vector parallel to the plates, globally polar smectic splay-bend (S_{SB}) layers form near the surfaces. Moving inward, the interfacial stack relaxes to bulk N_{TB} either directly through this S_{SBT} band or through a sequence that includes both the S_{SBT} and the nematic splay-bend-twist (N_{SBT}) phases. The N_{SBT} band is most pronounced at large molecular bend angles, i.e., near the N_{TB}-S_{A} boundary of the bulk phase diagram. Mode-resolved maps of elementary director distortions (splay, twist, bend, saddle-splay) corroborate this confinement-driven hierarchy. These results suggest thin-film routes to stabilize and diagnose modulated polar nematic and smectic organizations that are difficult to access in bulk.
Authors
- Piotr Kubala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-4498)
- Lech Longa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4918-6518)
- Szymon Drzazga
Institutions
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. E
- Published
- 2026-01-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/bllb-xmfh
- Primary Topic
- Liquid Crystal Research Advancements
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00