Exploring knowledge domains and future research directions in 3D printed concrete: a bibliometric and systematic review

Abstract 3D printed concrete (3DPC) is an advanced additive manufacturing technique which aids in creating complex structures with precision and efficiency. This innovative technology offers substantial benefits, including minimised material waste, enhanced project completion speed, and the capability to fabricate complex and distinctive designs. While significant progress has been made, existing review studies primarily address specific domains such as materials, technical and non-technical challenges, rheological parameters, and modelling. However, limited research has explored quantitative data on leading countries and institutions, collaboration networks, profiles of influential authors, and key journals. Furthermore, there is a lack of comprehensive qualitative insights into the managerial, sustainability and environmental, and economic aspects of 3DPC, as well as advancements in material compatibility, mix design methods, and applications of emerging technologies. This study addresses these gaps by conducting a bibliometric and systematic review of 3DPC research from 2015 to 2024, with data sourced from Web of Science and Scopus. The bibliometric analysis revealed a steady growth in 3DPC studies, with annual publications increasing by over 800% between 2018 and 2024, and major contributions from China (28%), Australia (10%), and the USA (7%). Tongji University emerged as the leading institution, accounting for 8% of the total publications. The systematic review discusses the key advancements in technology and structural development while uniquely focusing on the managerial aspects of 3DPC. By integrating bibliometric and qualitative insights, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state and future potential of 3DPC, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners aiming to advance this transformative technology.