Neglected and Underutilized Crop Species (Nus) in Nepal: Status and Nutritional Importance of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv) in Nepal

The majority of crop species that are cultivated for food in Nepal are not prioritized in formal research, education, and development, making them neglected and underutilized. Foxtail millet ( Setaria italica L. Beauv) is an ancient grain with significant cultural and nutritional importance in Nepal. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the status and nutritional benefits of foxtail millet within the country. Despite its historical relevance and adaptability to diverse agro-ecological conditions, the cultivation and consumption of foxtail millet have declined in recent years due to the increasing popularity of major cereals such as rice and wheat. This review synthesizes available literature on the current production trends, geographical distribution, and traditional practices associated with foxtail millet in Nepal. In addition, the paper highlights the nutritional profile of foxtail millet, emphasizing its high protein content, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, and micronutrients such as iron and calcium, which are crucial for addressing malnutrition and promoting health, particularly in rural and marginalized communities. The review also explores the potential health benefits associated with the consumption of foxtail millet, including its role in managing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. By examining the challenges and opportunities for reviving foxtail millet cultivation and consumption, this paper underscores the need for integrated efforts to promote this resilient and nutritious crop, thereby contributing to food security and nutritional well-being in Nepal.