Baseline exposure–response assessment of metals from dried blood spots and personal household air pollution concentrations among pregnant women in Rwanda: household air pollution intervention network trial
While associations were not statistically significant, the directionally consistent increases in blood Pb and Cd with increased PM₂.₅ and BC exposures align with existing evidence and underscore the need for continued research and policy action to reduce household air pollution exposures and protect maternal and fetal health.
Authors
- Howard H. Chang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-1640)
- Shakir Hossen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4881-5052)
- Florien Ndagijimana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-6363)
- Maggie L. Clark (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8613-5736)
- Lisa de las Fuentes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-325X)
- Lisa Elon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2307-6617)
- Kalpana Balakrishnan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-1801)
- Azhar Nizam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-5920)
- Ian Hennessee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-9566)
- Ephrem Dusabimana
- Rachel Meyers
- Elisa Puzzolo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-5298)
- Wenlu Ye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-6160)
- Naveen Puttaswamy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-1682)
- Joshua Rosenthal
- Bernard Mutariyani
- J. Jaime Miranda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-5468)
- Eric D. McCollum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-5566)
- Carmen Lucía Contreras
- Libny Monroy
- Karthikeyan Dharmapuri Rajamani
- Eduardo Canúz
- Kendra N. Williams (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-048X)
- Durairaj Natesan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-5138)
- Steven A. Harvey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6936-0213)
- Penelope P. Howards (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7539-8701)
- Savannah Gupton
- Vanessa Burrowes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-074X)
- Anaité Díaz-Artiga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2508-8710)
- Thomas Clasen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-5788)
- Gurusamy Thangavel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-0338)
- Kyle Steenland (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-4678)
- Egide Kalisa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-583X)
- Adly Castañaza
- Parinya Panuwet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-1687)
- Phabiola Herrera
- Laura Nicolaou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-9620)
- Damien Swearing
- Megan Warnock
- Jane Mbabazi
- Alejandra Bussalleu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-9846)
- Ghislaine Rosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-4200)
- Michael Johnson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-1534)
- Aris T. Papageorghiou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-2232)
- Rengaraj Ramasami
- Dana Boyd Barr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-2138)
- Vigneswari Aravindalochanan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-8741)
- Gloriose Bankundiye
- John P. McCracken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-2971)
- Ashley Toenjes
- Víctor G. Dávila‐Román (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8554-0011)
- Suzanne Simkovich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2462-0856)
- Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2412-5580)
- Sankar Sambandam
- Jacob Kremer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-3236)
- Marjorie Howard
- Jean de Dieu Ntivuguruzwa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0153-8377)
- Miles A. Kirby (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-9793)
- Shirin Jabbarzadeh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2096-2430)
- Sarah Hamid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8164-0656)
- Lisa M. Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-2057)
- Ricardo Piedrahita (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-2627)
- Amy E. Lovvorn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0752-9726)
- Usha Ramakrishnan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1694-1238)
- Sarada S. Garg (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8715-371X)
- Jennifer L. Peel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-1580)
- Dina Goodman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9997-4603)
- Lindsay J. Underhill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1511-812X)
- Bonnie N. Young (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6524-2348)
- Théoneste Ntakirutimana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-6251)
- Lance Allyn Waller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-8886)
- Alexie Mukeshimana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1158-3267)
- Rachel Craik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7885-0775)
- Priya E D'Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-7129)
- Jiantong Wang
- P. Barry Ryan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-4256)
- Jiawen Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0542)
- Irma Sayury Pineda Fuentes
- Viviane Valdes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-3877)
- Sudhakar Saidam
- Devan Campbell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-9618)
- Dana Boyd-Barr
- Marilú Chiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9963-6724)
- Stella M. Hartinger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-1725)
- Ajay Pillarisetti
- Margaret A. Laws
- Pattie Lenzen
- Mayarí Hengstermann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-0750)
- Katherine Kearns (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-8529)
- Sheela Sinharoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-3824)
- Luke P. Naeher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3077-5440)
- Moses Mutabazi
- Patrick Karakwende (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9289-3130)
- Julia N. McPeek
- Alexander Ramirez
- Yunyun Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3681-7739)
- Amit K. Verma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7592-7693)
- Grace E. Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-6659)
- Ahana Ghosh
- Adolphe Ndikubwimana
- Juan Gabriel Espinoza
- Thomas Clasen
Institutions
- Western University (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (IN)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- University of Kigali (RW)
- University of Rwanda (RW)
- Berkeley Air Monitoring Group (United States) (US)
- University of Global Health Equity (RW)
- Rwanda Biomedical Center (RW)
- Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (GT)
- Colorado State University (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Health Population and Nutrition
- Published
- 2025-12-19
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-01178-6
- Primary Topic
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Cancer Institute
- Fogarty International Center
- Common Fund