Oral Manifestations of Sjögren’s Syndrome: Recognition, Management, and Interdisciplinary Care
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) causes destructive salivary gland dysfunction with substantial oral morbidity. To synthesize practical, evidence-based approaches for early recognition, initial oral management, and timely referral to dental care. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: Narrative review of English-language literature from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed, prioritizing systematic reviews, randomized trials, and consensus guidelines. <i>Results</i>: Early oral signs include rapid multifocal root and cervical caries, burning sensations, and rising dental treatment needs. Unstimulated whole saliva ≤ 0.1 mL/min supports significant hypofunction and complements the 2016 ACR/EULAR criteria. Preventive care should combine dietary counseling, salivary stimulation, and topical remineralization. Adjuncts include high-fluoride toothpaste, biomimetic hydroxyapatite dentifrices, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). However, evidence for fluoride varnish in SS remains mixed. Pharmacologic sialogogues require screening for contraindications. <i>Conclusions</i>: Embedding oral screening, simple salivary metrics, and a structured referral pathway into rheumatology visits can reduce preventable tooth loss and improve comfort, function, and treatment adherence.
Authors
- S. Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1136-6633)
- Malcolm Koo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-9167)
- Ming‐Chi Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-0351)
Institutions
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Tzu Chi University (TW)
- Tzu Chi Foundation (TW)
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital (TW)
- Hualien Tzu Chi Medical Center (TW)
- Public Health Ontario (CA)
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Medicina
- Published
- 2025-12-19
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62010005
- Primary Topic
- Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00