Optimizing Phosphorus Use in Tropical Soils for Sustainable Farming

Abstract In tropical soils, P stands out as one of the most limiting nutrients for crop productivity, primarily due to its scarce availability by its rapid transformation in non-labile forms. Furthermore, the application of P-based fertilizers may not yield effective results, as this nutrient may quickly combine with soil minerals, making it difficult for plant roots to access. Strategies that maximize P utilization, including the use of solubilizing microorganisms, integrated soil management, and efficient fertilizer application, are crucial for promoting a sustainable use of nutrients in agricultural production. These approaches minimize the dependency on rock phosphate, which are limited and restricted to some countries, posing a significant challenge for Latin American and most African countries. Optimizing P use not only reduces environmental impacts, such as the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems, but also makes agriculture more viable and profitable for smallholder farmers, strengthening family farming and promoting food security both locally and globally. The adoption of technologies that enhance the efficient use of P is crucial for balancing productivity, sustainability, and social inclusion in tropical agriculture. Information © The Authors 2025