Advances in Third-Generation Bioethanol Production, Industrial Infrastructure and Efficient Technologies in Sustainable Processes with Algae Biomass: Systematic Review

The growing global concern about the environmental impact of fossil fuels’ greenhouse gas emissions has spurred the introduction of innovative, sustainable alternatives. Microalgae biomass holds substantial potential as a viable source material for producing environmentally friendly biofuels. Third-generation (3G) biofuels, specifically algae-derived bioethanol, have emerged as viable alternatives to traditional biofuels. The research provides an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary understanding of manufacturing 3G biofuels from microalgae and macroalgae. Additionally, the study provides an in-depth discussion of the identified gaps within these areas. By conducting a systematic literature review, the authors describe current knowledge of 3G biofuel production. The study addresses two key categories: (i) infrastructure and industrial technology, and (ii) the processes for obtaining third-generation biofuels. One highlights the need for efficient management in all stages of bioethanol production, including cultivation, harvesting, extraction, and conversion. Furthermore, leveraging technological advancements, such as selecting superior genetic strains and developing novel conversion technologies, is essential for improving the efficiency and profitability of the manufacturing process. The successful production of 3G bioethanol from microalgae requires a comprehensive approach that addresses various challenges and incorporates sustainable practices to achieve environmental and economic goals.