Varieties of Racial Capitalism: Black and Muslim Italians' Unequal Migrations Between Italy and Post‐Brexit Britain

ABSTRACT This article advances debates on racial capitalism by reconceptualising it as globally connected yet regionally uneven, and as negotiated and resisted through unequal migrations. Drawing on interviews with Black and Muslim Italians living in Britain or returned to Italy, it explores how participants and their families use EU mobility rights to navigate nationally distinctive but transnationally connected racialised capitalist dynamics. Findings demonstrate the connections between exploitation, racism and ‘integration’ in Italy, and their influence on participants' motivations for emigration. They further highlight how Italy's citizenship legislation stratifies access to intra‐EU mobility, producing legal and economic inequalities between and within families, and how intersecting inequalities and Brexit expose more vulnerable participants to the sharp end of Britain's racial capitalism, challenging imaginaries of a more inclusive Northern society. The article argues that centring racialised minorities' geographical imaginaries and unequal migrations allows for mapping varieties of racial capitalism, while also capturing their transnational effects and intersectional experience.