Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on Palladium@Yttrium Oxide@Boronnitride Nanocomposite for Determination of Glyphosate Herbicide in Drinking Water Samples

Glyphosate (GLY) is a systemic herbicide used in agriculture and has a carcinogenic effect after long-term usage. Herein, a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on palladium@yttrium oxide@boron nitride nanosheets (Pd/Y₂O₃@BN) nanocomposite was developed for the detection of GLY in drinking water. After the preparation of Pd/Y₂O₃@BN nanocomposite by using sonication and NaBH₄ reduction methods, Pd/Y₂O₃@BN nanocomposite as electrode material was applied on glassy carbon electrode by infrared lamp. Then, a molecularly imprinted glassy carbon electrode based on Pd/Y₂O₃@BN (MIP) was designed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) in presence of pyrrole monomer and GLY molecule. After the spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations, the linearity in the range of 1.0 × 10^-9-1.0 × 10^-8 M with a detection limit (LOD) of 3.3 × 10^-10 M was obtained for GLY molecule. After MIP electrode was applied to drinking water samples with high recovery, the selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility features were studied. These promising results suggested that the as-fabricated MIP electrode presented a novel and highly effective approach for GLY assay.