Labor market status (being inactive, unemployed, or employed) and psychosocial characteristics of Ukrainian refugees at their early stage of being refugees in two neighboring countries, Poland and Hungary

The study revealed a relationship between the labor market status of Ukrainian refugees residing in Poland or Hungary and their mental health, knowledge of support institutions, and submissiveness in the labor market. In both countries, refugees who were inactive were more likely to feel depressed. While in Hungary, awareness of support did not favor labor market participation, in Poland, the correlation between awareness of support and employed labor market status was positive. In Poland and Hungary, a high level of submissiveness was a factor that favored labor market participation, whereas having dependents functioned differently in the two countries. In contrast, in Poland, a high level of submissiveness was a positive factor of labor market participation, whereas in Hungary, it was a negative factor of having employed status.