Navigating qualitative methods choices in dissemination and implementation research

Qualitative methods are critical to the conduct of Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) research because they illuminate processes, relationships, contexts, and other phenomena known to influence implementation and dissemination. Given the multitude of methods available, choosing appropriate and feasible methods can be challenging, leading many to rely on a limited set of methods. Navigational assistance with methods decision-making, including choosing to use less common methods, is lacking. This paper outlines how to select study methods, beginning with the research goal and the type of research question(s), and presents methods options based on key characteristics of the research. Decision pathways and considerations important to decision-making are featured as well as brief descriptions of the main methods available. Examples are also presented for instructional purposes. This paper supports the field of D&I by addressing a gap in the existing literature about how to conduct qualitative methods D&I research from a methodological perspective.