Parenteral Nanocarriers for mRNA and Gene Therapy: Emerging Trends and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review

This narrative review critically discusses the recent advances in parenteral nanocarrier systems for mRNA and gene therapy. Focusing on delivery mechanisms, clinical translation, and regulatory challenges, it integrates findings from contemporary research to highlight emerging technologies and translational hurdles. The review emphasizes key nanocarrier systems including lipid nanoparticles, polymeric and hybrid carriers, and explores safety, scalability, and future prospects in precision nanomedicine.