Taeniasis and appendicitis: a rare parasitic connection

Taeniasis, primarily caused by <i>Taenia solium</i> or <i>Taenia saginata</i>, is the most common zoonotic infection affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Although appendicitis related to this parasitic infection is rare, it represents an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with abdominal pain. This case report highlights a unique case of appendicitis associated with <i>Taenia</i> infestation, emphasizing the need for clinical awareness of potential parasitic origins in appendicitis. A 35-year-old Ethiopian female, non-diabetic and non-hypertensive, presented with a one-day history of moderate right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She had no significant family history and reported no use of tobacco or alcohol. Upon examination, she exhibited no fever, weight loss, or acute distress, but tenderness was noted in the right lower quadrant. Radiologic assessments included unremarkable pelvic ultrasound and abdominal ultrasound revealing mild tenderness in the right iliac fossa and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Subsequent non-contrast CT indicated subtle signs of epiploic appendicitis. Pathological analysis confirmed <i>Taenia</i> worms and eggs obstructing the appendix, suggesting that obstruction and symptoms were likely due to parasitic infection. The patient was prescribed Albendazole 400 mg daily for three days, underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, and made a full recovery. This case highlights the significance of considering <i>Taenia</i> as a potential causative agent in appendicitis. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for parasitic infections in patients presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms, as early diagnosis and management are crucial in preventing complications.