Probing Neutron Star Interiors and the Properties of Cold Ultra-dense Matter with the SKA
Matter inside neutron stars is compressed to densities several times greater than nuclear saturation density, while maintaining low temperatures and large asymmetries between neutrons and protons. Neutron stars, therefore, provide a unique laboratory for testing physics in environments that cannot be recreated on Earth. To uncover the highly uncertain nature of cold, ultra-dense matter, discovering and monitoring pulsars is essential, and SKA will play a crucial role in this endeavour. In this paper, we will present the current state-of-the-art in dense matter physics and dense matter superfluidity, and discuss recent advances in measuring global neutron star properties (masses, moments of inertia, and maximum rotation frequencies) as well as non-global observables (pulsar glitches and free precession). We will specifically highlight how radio observations of isolated neutron stars and those in binaries—such as those performed with SKA in the near future—inform our understanding of ultra-dense physics and address in detail how SKA’s unprecedented sensitivity, large-scale survey and sub-arraying capabilities will enable novel dense matter constraints. We will also address the potential impact of dark matter and modified gravity models on these constraints and emphasise the role of synergies between SKA and other facilities, specifically X-ray telescopes and next-generation gravitational wave observatories.
Authors
- Jaikhomba Singha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1636-9414)
- Avishek Basu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4142-7831)
- N. Rea (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2177-6388)
- Marco Antonelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-4308)
- B. Haskell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8255-3519)
- Violetta Sagun (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5854-1617)
- Danai Antonopoulou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-5364)
- T Thongmeearkom (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9285-6724)
- P. Weltevrede (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2122-4540)
- Anna L. Watts (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1009-2354)
- Banibrata Mukhopadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-9513)
- Prasanta Char (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6592-6590)
- Manjari Bagchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-8186)
- Vanessa Graber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-1681)
- B. W. Stappers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9242-7041)
- Benjamin Shaw (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-2452)
- D. I. Jones (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0117-7567)
- H. Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-8071)
- M. E. Lower (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-0009)
- Micaela Oertel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1884-8654)
- P. C. C. Freire (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1307-9435)
Institutions
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- University of Southampton (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Open Journal of Astrophysics
- Published
- 2025-12-19
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.154253
- Primary Topic
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- UK Research and Innovation
- European Commission
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia