A Partial “Answer to Orwell?”: Philosophies of History in Anthony Burgess’s The Wanting Seed

Abstract: This essay analyzes Anthony Burgess’s “answer to Orwell” in his 1962 dystopia The Wanting Seed . It claims that the cyclical dynamic of liberal, oppressive, and conservative phases that critics have traditionally taken to be Burgess’s anti-Orwellian philosophy of history is balanced in the novel by an alternative picture of perpetual war, which may even be seen as the beginning of the Orwellian end of history. The text overlays these two interpretations, and it is not possible decisively to favor one over the other. The protagonist’s final existentialist insight is that we must “try to live” whatever world and history it is we live in.