Low Volume Gun‐Shaped Multiband Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/X Band Applications

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel compact printed monopole antenna with a gun‐shaped design, developed for multiband operation targeting WLAN, WiMAX, and X‐band applications. The antenna features a gun‐shaped radiating patch integrated with two L‐shaped structures and multiple stubs, which are optimized to support five distinct frequency bands. By introducing a rectangular cut into the patch and a rectangular slot, enhanced multiband performance with good impedance matching and radiation characteristics is achieved. The antenna is fabricated on a low‐cost, low‐profile FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.02, and a thickness of 0.8 mm. It has a compact overall size of 18 × 18 × 0.8 mm 3 and operates across the following frequency bands: 2.3–2.84, 3.4–3.7, 4.8–5.2, 6.2–7.1, and 7.9–8.2 GHz, all with reflection coefficients (S 11 ) better than −10 dB. The measured peak gains at 2.4, 3.6, 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 GHz are 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, 4.1, and 2.8 dBi, respectively. The antenna achieves impedance bandwidths of 22.5%, 8.33%, 8.00%, 13.84%, and 3.75% at the respective resonant frequencies of 2.4, 3.6, 5.0, 6.5, and 8.0 GHz. It also exhibits high radiation efficiency, exceeding 90% across all bands. A close agreement is observed between the simulated and measured results, confirming the antenna's suitability for multiband wireless communication systems.