Methods of enhanced oil recovery: the study of new technologies to increase the extraction of hydrocarbons from mature deposits

Nanotechnology in oil production significantly increases the efficiency of the process, reduces energy con-sumption and contributes to a more environmentally friendly industry. The article considers the main directions of application of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies at the stages of exploration, drilling, production and processing of hydrocarbons. Key aspects include: nanomaterials for increasing rock permeability and reducing oil viscosity due to nanoemulsions and nanogels; modification of oil properties and increased oil recovery due to the interaction of nanoparticles with hydrocarbons; Nanosensor-based monitoring and analysis systems for monitoring pressure, temperature, and fluid composition in real time; improved hydraulic fracturing conditions through nanomaterials that reduce friction and prevent sediment formation; nano-catalysts to increase processing efficiency and reduce energy consumption; the use of nanomodels and computer modeling to better understand the interactions of oil and gas. rocks; environmental benefits, including reduced waste, carbon footprint, and improved process sustainability. Special attention is paid to the wear resistance of drilling equipment, and it is concluded that nanocoats and lubricants reduce wear and prolong service life. The prospects for the integration of nanotechnology with biotechnology and digital methods are discussed, as well as a comparative analysis of technologies for economic efficiency and environmental effects for the sustainable development of the oil industry.