Development of a pyrolysis catalyst of low molecular weight hydrocarbon raw materials

The article provides an analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of pyrolysis complexes in Russia and analyzes the main directions of development of the pyrolysis process of hydrocarbon raw materials. The characteristics of the feedstock and high-silica zeolites of the pentasil family of the CVN and HCVM types are given. The choice of a flow-through research method to identify the patterns of transformation of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon fractions is justified, which is characterized by simplicity, accessibility and provides the ability to determine the catalytic activity at a steady state of the catalyst at any stage of the reaction. The method of conducting research on a laboratory flow-through unit of the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis process of the propane fraction and the method of preparing samples of catalysts for research are described. The effect of the concentration of pentasil family zeolites of the CVN and HCVM types on the catalytic properties of samples during heterogeneous pyrolysis of the propane fraction is considered. A comparative analysis of the results of thermal pyrolysis of the propane fraction and in the presence of prepared pentasyl-containing catalysts with the same technological parameters was carried out. The effect of the zeolite concentration in a heterogeneous catalyst on the activity and selectivity of the obtained catalytic systems during pyrolysis of the propane fraction is shown. A comparative analysis of coke formation in the presence of prepared catalyst samples as a result of high-temperature transformations of the propane fraction is carried out. It has been established that catalytic pyrolysis has an advantage over thermal pyrolysis, and the high catalytic activity and selectivity of the studied high-silica pentasyl-containing catalysts in the process of pyrolysis of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon fractions makes it possible to develop active and effective catalysts based on them for the production of low-molecular-weight olefins. The optimal technological parameters of the pyrolysis process of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon fractions are analyzed. The possibilities of implementing catalytic pyrolysis of the propane fraction within the framework of investment projects aimed at the development of the Astrakhan gas condensate field are considered.