Integrating the Resource Nexus approach in energy, mobility and circular economy transitions in Mexico: a systematic literature review

Abstract The overexploitation of environmental resources is at the core of the Triple Planetary Crisis of climate change, environmental pollution, and biodiversity loss. Addressing this interconnected crisis requires transformations across multiple sectors and systems. Among the main strategies adopted by signatory countries of the Paris Agreement are the energy, mobility, and circular economy transitions, which aim to decarbonise systems and promote sustainable resource management. Sustainability transitions (ST) research has largely maintained a technocentric focus, often overlooking the role of natural resource flows and the complexity of multi-system interactions, particularly in Global South contexts. This study advances the multi-system ST research agenda by integrating a Resource Nexus approach with the Multi-Level Perspective framework. Through a systematic literature review, the research identifies the key actors, landscapes, regimes, and niche innovations within Mexico’s energy, mobility, and circular economy sectors. The analysis reveals the centrality of the energy–material (waste)–climate nexus in shaping these transitions. Additionally, cross-cutting policy recommendations to support robust, coherent, and just transitions while avoiding negative environmental and social trade-offs are discussed. The study emphasises that aligning Mexico’s legal frameworks with circular economy principles and resource nexus thinking is essential in designing transition policies. Future research directions include quantifying the resource interactions, developing integrated governance strategies, and assessing the role and influence of international agreements in shaping national sustainability transitions and resource governance.