Correlation of Biochemical and Endocrinological Profile of Infertile Men with Abnormal Semen Parameters

Objectives In the investigations of infertile couples, the contribution of male partners has recently caught the attention of researchers, and more and more investigations like DNA fragmentation tests, microfluidics, physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and intracytoplasmic morphological sperm injection are being resorted to for better Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) results. Male fertility is intrinsically linked to overall health, with a growing body of evidence indicating that medical comorbidities and conditions detrimental to men’s health are consistently associated with compromised reproductive function. Considering the fact that 15% of the male human genome is dedicated to reproductive functions, it is plausible that other health disorders may also be associated with impairments in fertility. This study was planned to look into factors which are causing such a rise in male infertility and its association with various semen parameters. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken over an 18-month period at the infertility clinic of a tertiary care centre, enrolling 151 infertile males exhibiting abnormal semen parameters in accordance with the WHO 2010 guidelines. A comprehensive evaluation of their biochemical and endocrinological profiles was performed, and the correlation between these parameters and semen abnormalities was systematically examined. Results A significant negative correlation was observed between various semen parameters and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), prolactin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and oestrogen. DBP (mmHg) correlated negatively with sperm concentration (million/ml) (R = −0.161). CRP (mg/l) correlated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (×10 6 /ejaculate) (R = −0.180 and −0.208, respectively). ESR (mm/hour) correlated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (R = −0.214 and −0.198, respectively). FSH (IU/l) correlated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (R = −0.216 and −0.206, respectively). Prolactin (μg/l) correlated with sperm concentration, total sperm count, and total motile sperm count (TMSC) (R = −0.210, −0.264, and −0.191, respectively). Oestrogen (pg/ml) showed the strongest negative correlation with sperm concentration, total sperm count, and TMSC (R = −0.387, −0.357, and −0.171, respectively). Conversely, significant positive correlations were observed between semen parameters and both uric acid and lipid profile. Serum uric acid (mg/dl) correlated positively with sperm morphology (%) (R = 0.203). Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) correlated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (R = 0.231 and 0.259, respectively), while triglycerides (mg/dl) correlated with sperm concentration and total sperm count (R = 0.197 and 0.204, respectively). However, triglycerides also showed a significant negative correlation with total motility (%) and progressive motility (%) (R = −0.186 and −0.180, respectively). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that DBP, prolactin, ESR, CRP, FSH, and oestrogen exhibited significant negative correlations with various semen parameters, whereas uric acid and lipid profile parameters showed significant positive correlations. These results suggest that systemic health factors exert a considerable influence on male reproductive potential, highlighting the importance of evaluating overall health status in the assessment and management of male infertility.