A systematic review on the role of parents and peers in adolescents’ pro-environmental behaviors

Young generations are often identified as key actors in promoting sustainability. However, some studies suggest that adolescents may engage in pro-environmental behaviors to a lesser extent than other age groups. The literature on socialization provides useful insights into the factors that may facilitate or hinder these practices, examining how young people develop environmental attitudes and values within their social contexts. This systematic review explores the role of parents and peers in relation to adolescents’ pro-environmental behaviors. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 23 studies were analyzed, mostly conducted in Western contexts, investigating family dynamics, parental values, social norms, and observational learning processes. The findings highlight the involvement of parents and peers in environmental socialization processes, suggesting that both groups may play a role in adolescents’ sustainable practices. The review also identifies some limitations in existing research and suggests possible directions for future studies.