Influence of Smoking Status on Fracture Healing Time: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Smoking status demonstrates a clear gradient of risk for delayed fracture healing, with current smokers experiencing the longest time to union, former smokers showing partial recovery, and never smokers healing fastest. Smoking cessation counselling should be incorporated into fracture management pathways.
Authors
- Hamza Ahmed
- Farid Najd Mazhar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-9852)
- Ayesha Ishaq (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-5950)
- Ahad Azeem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8628-4934)
- Muhammad Rizwan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-4335)
- Muhammad Abdulvahab
Institutions
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Cureus
- Published
- 2025-12-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.99589
- Primary Topic
- Hip and Femur Fractures
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00