Harnessing battery energy storage systems with CO2 time-shift strategies for power grid emissions control

Power grid operation focuses on minimizing generation costs that satisfy energy consumption and transmission losses. However, dispatching cheaper fossil fuel generators leads to a significant increase in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. This work addresses the CO 2 emission problem in power grids by using battery energy storage systems (BESS) to smoothly control the CO2 emission factor. We propose two BESS operating strategies to perform CO 2 time-shift at both system-wide and generator levels. We examine this BESS capability using an improved two-stage security-constrained economic dispatch (SCED) recognizing the trade-off between economic and environmental objectives. The first stage establishes baseline CO 2 emissions for the power grid and generators. The second stage involves the solution of the bi-objective optimization problem. The effectiveness of the approach is showcased using two case studies. We studied the IEEE 5-bus and 39-bus test systems incorporating several BESS, using 5-minute, 1-hour look-ahead power dispatch timeframes. The system's behavior achieved with BESS exceeds expectations. The participation of BESS not only provides significant economic benefits but also allows CO 2 emission control. The power grid achieves operating cost savings and a reduction in nodal marginal prices. Therefore, BESS can promote cleaner system operation while counteracting rising generation costs when decreasing CO 2 emissions. • Power grid CO 2 emissions control using battery energy storage systems • BESS operate with time-shift strategies to perform CO 2 time-shift. • CO 2 emissions control is achieved at system-wide and generator levels. • Two-stage economic dispatch optimizing economic and environmental objectives