Yield Stability and Multitrait Selection of Advanced Mutant Rice Genotypes Across Diverse Environments in Indonesia

Analyzing genotype‐by‐environment interaction (GEI) is crucial for breeding programs aimed at developing rice varieties that are both high‐yielding and stable across diverse environments. This study assessed the adaptability of eight advanced mutant rice lines and two commercial varieties through multienvironment trials (METs) conducted across six locations in Indonesia, using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), genotype plus genotype‐by‐environment (GGE) biplot, parametric, nonparametric, and the multitrait genotype‐ideotype distance index (MGIDI). Combined ANOVA showed that genotype, environment, and GEI significantly affected grain yield (GY), with the AMMI model attributing 52.54% of variation to environment, 21.59% to genotype, and 16.74% to GEI. The first two principal components explained 82.60% of the interaction variation. Across methods, AMMI identified G1, G9, and G7 as stable genotypes, BLUP and GGE highlighted G5, G8, and G1, parametric indices favored G1 and G9, whereas nonparametric measures identified G1, G7, and G2 as stable genotypes. MGIDI further ranked G8, G2, and G5 as the closest to the defined ideotype based on multiple traits. When synthesizing all analytical outputs, G1 demonstrated broad stability with consistently high yield, G8 showed superior yield and strong performance under favorable environments, and G2 combined stability with early maturity and favorable agronomic traits. Therefore, these three genotypes (G1, G8, and G2) were identified as the most promising candidates for further development and cultivation in Indonesia.