Sustainable alliance strategies in maritime delimitation for small island developing states in Africa: balancing the equitable principles and marine resource governance

African Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face critical challenges in maritime delimitation, balancing equitable principles with sustainable marine resource governance amid climate change and geopolitical pressures. Regional mechanisms like the Western Indian Ocean Coastal States Association (WIOCSA) employ innovative approaches, including soft-law governance and blockchain technology, to strengthen sovereignty and transparency. Successful cases such as Seychelles' blue bonds and Mauritius' adaptive fisheries management demonstrate effective capacity-building through resilience, adaptation, and systemic transformation. Equitable delimitation requires integrating ecological, economic, and legal dimensions while advancing regional cooperation. Strengthening inclusive governance frameworks remains essential for realizing sustainable development under the Agenda 2063 of the African Union (AU), ensuring African SIDS can navigate complex maritime boundaries while protecting vital marine resources.