Search for Gravitational-wave Memory in PPTA and EPTA Data: A Complete Signal Model
Abstract We perform searches for gravitational-wave memory in the data of two major Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments located in Europe and Australia. Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are the primary sources of gravitational waves in PTA experiments. We develop and carry out the first search for late inspirals and mergers of these sources based on full numerical relativity waveforms with null (nonlinear) gravitational-wave memory. Additionally, we search for generic bursts of null gravitational-wave memory, exploring the possibilities of reducing the computational costs of these searches through kernel density estimation and normalizing flow approximations of the posteriors. We rule out mergers of SMBHBs with a chirp mass of 10 10 M ⊙ up to 700 Mpc over 18 yr of observation at 95% credibility. We rule out the observation of generic displacement memory bursts with strain amplitudes >10 −14 in brief periods of observation time but across the sky, or over the whole observation time but for certain preferred sky positions, at 95% credibility.
Authors
- M. Krämer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7615-7499)
- Ismaël Cognard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1775-9692)
- Saurav Mishra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5633-3512)
- R. M. Shannon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7285-6348)
- Andrea Possenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5902-3731)
- Craig Russell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1942-7296)
- Valentina Di Marco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-0494)
- N. D. R. Bhat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-5059)
- B. Goncharov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-5807)
- Enrico Barausse (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6499-6263)
- Rutger van Haasteren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-2620)
- Rahul Srinivasan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-6690)
- Zu-Cheng Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-9934)
- Kuo Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-7376)
- John Antoniadis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-3776)
- H. Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3407-8071)
- Wenbin Ling (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-9227)
- G. H. Janssen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3068-3677)
- G. Theureau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3649-276X)
- D. Perrodin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1806-2483)
- Jingbo Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-1603)
- Shuangqiang Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-6070)
- Yirong Wen
- Sharon Mary Tomson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7603-1637)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal Letters
- Published
- 2025-12-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae2912
- Primary Topic
- Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Université d'Orléans
- Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación