Treatment of congestion in cardiorenal syndrome type 1

Cardiorenal syndrome results from a close relationship between the heart and kidney.Five phenotypes of this complex interaction have been defined.Type 1 cardiorenal syndrome is characterized by acute heart failure leading to acute kidney injury.This syndrome is usually accompanied by volume overload that presents clinically with signs of congestion.The treatment of congestion includes some pharmacological treatment options: loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors.When these treatments fail, renal support therapies are suggested, to achieve decongestion.The following review aims to analyze the indications, advantages and limitations of each therapy.