Detection of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) among Patients with Celiac Disease

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a persistent autoimmune disorder stimulated by gluten consumption in genetically susceptible people. Several studies have focused on the importance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the development of CD. MCP-1 is a chemokine that has a crucial effect in attracting monocytes, dendritic cells, and memory T-cells to the inflammation site. In CD, elevated MCP-1 levels have been detected in the intestinal mucosa, contributing to immune cell infiltration and tissue damage. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 has been linked to the amplification of inflammatory responses, promoting cytokine production and perpetuating mucosal injury. Methods This is a case control study, comprised 128 participants, divided into 64 cases with celiac disease apparently and 64 healthy individuals. The study was conducted at Al-Husainyah Hospital, Al-Hassan Al-Mojtaba Hospital, and Imam Al-Husain Medical City. After taken the consent, all participants in this study donated a five mL of venous blood, which was then deposited in 6 mL gel tubes. Then, this blood is centrifuged for ten minutes at 3000 rpm. By the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we estimated the serum level of MCP-1. The Patient's information was collected using questionnaires. People with concurrent other immunological or GIT problems were eliminated from the present study. Results: The findings of the current study indicated elevated levels of serum MCP-1 in celiac disease patients compared to the control group, Also, patients who following a diet have lower levels of MCP-1. The males group has higher levels of MCP-1 than the Females group. Conclusion: The current study results showed that, the serum level of MCP-1 is increased among patients’ group of CD more than controls, Also, greater levels of MCP-1 are showed in males more than in females. Patients who do not follow a strict diet free from gluten possess more levels of MCP-1 than treated patients.