Determinants of heating system selection among owners of single-family houses with renewable energy installations: an empirical analysis of decision-making factors

This article examines household decision-making in adopting renewable energy sources (RES) for heating single-family houses in Poland. While policy frameworks promote electrification and heat pumps, prior research assumes homogeneous decision criteria and overlooks current RES users. This study addresses that gap through three objectives: (1) identify key decision aspects; (2) compare RES users and non-users; (3) segment RES users by system evaluations. Research questions explore drivers of choice, group differences, and segmentation. The hypothesis posits that RES users differ in technology evaluations but share decision-making aspects and expectations. A CATI survey (N = 650) analysed three-factor blocks using nonparametric tests. Findings confirm the hypothesis: segmentation reflects system evaluations, not purchasing criteria. Reliability and warranty dominate initial choices; energy efficiency and operating costs shape future expectations. Policy should target non-financial barriers, improve after-sales support, and define “switching points” to accelerate RES adoption.