Sub-acute toxicity profiles of Rhoicissus tridentata as used in the traditional prostate cancer managment in the Elgon in Wistar albino rats

The increasing global use of unvalidated herbal products poses substantial health risks, highlighting the importance of rigorous toxicity evaluations. In the Elgon sub-region, Rhoicissus tridentata extracts are traditionally used to treat prostate cancer, but the absence of standardized dosages restricts their potential use and limits evidence for informing chemotherapeutic applications. This study aimed to investigate the subacute toxicity of R. tridentata extracts in Wistar albino rats. We used 84 Wistar albino rats to assess clinical toxicity symptoms, hematological and biochemical parameters, and histopathological changes using advanced equipment like hematology machines and COBAS INTEGRA Chemistry Plus 600. A total of 84 Wistar albino rats were used to assess clinical symptoms, hematological, biochemical parameters and majar organ histopathological changes. Histological biomarkers were analyzed using Coulter Counter Hamatology analyzer while biochemical indices were analyzed using COBAS INTEGRA Chemistry Plus 600, but eosinophils increased significantly (p ≤ 0.0001), confirming mild toxicity. To guarantee the safe use of R. tridentata in therapy, determining the maximum dose that produces no adverse effects (NOAEL) is essential to inform dosing in sub-chronic and sub-acute toxicity. Regulatory agencies evaluating herbal products containing R. tridentata should exercise caution and require standardized dosing protocols and comprehensive toxicity assessments to safeguard public health.