Research on the Synergistic Development Path of Enterprise Data Asset Trading and New Quality Productive Forces Under the TOE Framework—Empirical Evidence from China

In the digital economy, promoting enterprise data asset trading and cultivating enterprises’ new quality productive forces are systemic issues. The present paper employs a combined method of QCA and regression analysis to construct a complex mediation model, based on the TOE framework theory and from a configurational perspective. This study examines the driving mechanisms behind corporate data asset transactions and the development of new-quality productive forces among Chinese A-share listed companies from 2020 to 2024, focusing on the interplay of technological, organizational, and environmental factors. The study finds that there are three configurations for achieving high-level enterprise data asset trading: the “technology–organization–environment” synergistic-driven type, the “environmental constraint–technological compensation” driven type, and the “organizational operation–environmental ecology” driven type. Among them, the level of enterprise data elements, the structure of enterprise human capital, and urban data governance are key factors in achieving high disclosure of enterprise data asset trading and a leap in new quality productive forces. The research conclusions provide valuable insights for enterprises considering a development strategy that combines data asset trading with new quality productive forces.