Silent Players, Loud Impact: The Influence of lncRNAs on Melanoma Progression

Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) encompasses a large family of molecules that are crucial regulators of gene expression. This family includes microRNA, piwi-interacting RNA, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA); each class is associated with different mechanisms of action that influence gene expression. Based on the available evidence, these molecules have important roles in physiological and pathological processes. For example, ncRNAs are strongly implicated in oncogenesis by mediating the expression of tumour suppressors and oncogenes. This review comprehensively describes the latest findings regarding the roles of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of melanoma. Key aspects of melanoma biology and various mechanisms regulated by lncRNAs are discussed. Furthermore, future areas exploring potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets are presented.