Combined Mild Thermal Pretreatment and Bioaugmentation of Ammonia-Acclimatised Inoculum to Enhance Biomethanation of Poultry Manure

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of poultry manure often faces ammonia inhibition due to its high nitrogen content. This study investigated a combined strategy involving mild thermal hydrolysis pretreatment and bioaugmentation with ammonia-acclimatised inoculum to enhance methane production and process stability under ammonia-stressed conditions. Batch biomethanation efficiency assays were first conducted to evaluate the effect of different hydrolysis conditions (55–70 °C, 30–60 min) on substrate methane yields and biodegradability. The optimal condition (70 °C for 60 min) increased methane potential by 8.7% compared to the untreated substrate. In addition, a mesophilic continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) experiment was conducted using both non-hydrolysed and thermally hydrolysed poultry manure under hydraulic retention times of 25 and 30 days, across four operational phases: steady-state, ammonia toxicity, bioaugmentation recovery, and increased organic loading rate. CSTRs were subjected to ammonia stress (6500 mg NH4+-N L−1) to assess the effectiveness of an acclimatised bioaugmentation inoculum. Methane yields recovered up to 93% and 100% of pre-inhibition and ammonia-toxicity levels, respectively, accompanied by process stability while reaching 7280 mg NH4+-N L−1. The synergistic application of hydrolysis and bioaugmentation significantly improved substrate conversion and overall AD robustness. This integrated approach provides a viable and scalable strategy for optimising AD performance of nitrogen-rich feedstocks, enabling its future application in AD plants.