Archaeological Damage Assessment in Conflict Zones: Integrating Satellite Imagery and Ground Surveys in Daraa, Syria

ABSTRACT Satellite remote sensing is among the most significant modern methodologies supporting field archaeology. In addition to its efficiency in identifying archaeological sites, remote sensing offers a safe and cost‐effective approach in conflict zones. However, supplementing it with field investigations enhances accuracy by confirming or correcting results. For Daraa, southern Syria, freely available high‐resolution satellite imagery has been used effectively in documenting 196 archaeological sites. However, during ground‐truthing of 28 sites, significant discrepancies were observed, reinforcing the notion that remote sensing and fieldwork are complementary methods, giving best results when used jointly. This integration enables precise damage assessment and helps prioritize sites for urgent protection or excavation. Our field visits identified several sites requiring urgent excavation, particularly where looting pits have exposed stratigraphy—evidence that remote sensing alone cannot verify. Finally, engaging local communities and understanding both environmental and social conditions are essential for maximizing the effectiveness of integrating remote sensing with field investigations.