Rootstock-mediated salinity resilience in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): integrating physiological traits, genomic stability and machine learning

Grafting significantly improved cucumber tolerance to salinity by sustaining biomass, photosynthetic capacity proxies (SPAD), and genomic integrity. ML-based analyses added predictive power and biological interpretation, confirming grafting with appropriate rootstocks as a sustainable strategy for cucumber production in saline nutrient solution conditions.