“Microbial metabolites in cardioprotection: an immune-engineered framework for heart failure and post-ischemic remodeling: a narrative review”
Microbial metabolites produced in the gut are a promising and revolutionary class of cardioprotectants. Future cardiovascular treatments may be redefined by precision-targeted gut-heart axis modulation, although clinical validation and regulatory standardization are still crucial.
Authors
- Maryam Altaf
- Ali Imran Amjad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9603-2976)
- Asma Azam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3592-7493)
- Umair Ali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2423-1546)
- Muhammad Javed
- Wan Faizal Wan Rahimi Shah
- Muhammad Khalid (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0717-2777)
Institutions
- Karachi Medical and Dental College (PK)
- Nishtar Medical College and Hospital (PK)
- University of Karachi (PK)
- Riphah International University (PK)
- University of Swabi (PK)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Annals of Medicine and Surgery
- Published
- 2025-12-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000004529
- Primary Topic
- Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00