Unravelling the Potential of Microbial Carotenoids in Fish Health and Productivity

Aquaculture plays a pivotal role in meeting the escalating demand for seafood. However, the susceptibility of fish to diseases poses a substantial threat to the productivity and profitability of aquaculture operations. Disease outbreaks necessitate the development of strategies to improve fish health without relying on antibiotics. This review focuses on harnessing the potential of natural sources of carotenoids, specifically those derived from microbial sources, as supplements in aquaculture feed. Microbial carotenoids effectively bolster fish health, rendering them resistant to pathogens and also improving the quality of fish being farmed. Additionally, carotenoids contribute to increased pigmentation in fish, enhancing visual appeal, especially in ornamental fishes. The authors have also touched upon elucidating the mechanisms through which carotenoids enhance fish health. This work consolidates existing knowledge and underscores the potential for further research to broaden our understanding of microbial carotenoids in aquaculture.