Innovative Nanotechnology‐Based Approaches for Treating Car Wash Wastewater With Low‐Cost Composite Materials: A Review

The chemical complexity of car wash water (CWW) treatment poses major technological and environmental challenges. This study reviews innovative low-cost composite material-based wastewater treatment techniques. The physicochemical properties of CWW, types of pollutants present, and volumes produced were examined to identify the primary treatment-related restrictions. The applications of adsorption, photocatalysis, and nanotechnology are detailed through experimental studies, presenting concrete results and discussing the advantages, challenges, and prospects for the improvement of these technologies. Innovation in digitizing and monitoring mobile modular treatment plants is also discussed, enabling better wastewater recovery and the optimization of measurement processes. The convergence of physicochemical and technological approaches, as illustrated by modular treatment units, is explored in depth. Hybrid composites and nanomaterials offer remarkable photocatalysis and adsorption, in addition to a significant reduction in organic loads and heavy metals. The combination of digital monitoring systems with movable modular stations renders the treatment process more sustainable and improves real-time control. The pilot deployment of these innovative solutions offers a complete panorama of recovery prospects, underlining the importance of integrating digital technologies for the sustainable, efficient, and optimized management of car wash water. This study provides a strategic framework that paves the way for future innovations and reinforces the commitment to responsible and sustainable environmental management.