People with Disabilities in War Contexts: A Scoping Review Using the ICF Model

This scoping review synthesized existing literature to identify knowledge gaps, inform policy and practice, and guide future research on people with disabilities in war settings. Following PRISMA guidelines, 18 articles were included after a systematic screening of studies retrieved from electronic databases, including PsycNET, PubMed, and Social Services Abstract. A thematic analysis using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model revealed significant challenges faced by individuals with disabilities during conflicts, such as heightened emotional distress. War exacerbates dependency on others and on technological aids during emergencies, a situation worsened by inaccessible environments and limited access to information. People with disabilities encounter physical barriers, lack essential services, require knowledge, benefit from psychosocial support, rely on civil society organizations, and must navigate policy challenges. By employing the ICF model and drawing on insights from the conservation of resources theory, this study highlights the dire circumstances of individuals with disabilities in conflict settings. The findings underscore the need for inclusive crisis response policies, accessible infrastructure, continuity of medical and rehabilitation services, trauma-informed care, and dedicated budget allocation for disability rights initiatives.