Reliability optimization and validation of tilt-rotor drive train based on improved genetic algorithm

To enhance the reliability, compactness, and efficiency of the drive system in a tilt-rotor aircraft, a synchronous toothed belt drive optimization method based on an improved genetic algorithm (AGA) is proposed. A multi-constraint optimization model, which incorporates pitch, pulley tooth count, and timing belt tooth count, is developed. The model aims to minimize the transmission center distance, addressing the lightweight (deadweight <1 kg) and high-lift (1.5 kg unilateral) requirements of a small, electrically driven tilt-rotor aircraft. The improved algorithm enhances global search capability through an adaptive crossover and mutation mechanism and combines real number coding with an elite retention strategy to improve convergence efficiency. The optimized center distance is reduced by 32.11% (38.03 mm) compared to the original design, with reliability reaching 0.99, and transmission efficiency increasing to 0.988. Finite element simulation results show that the maximum deformation is 0.825 mm and the peak stress value is 77.264 MPa, which meets the material yield strength requirement. The results demonstrate that the method significantly optimizes the spatial layout while ensuring structural strength and provides an effective solution for designing tilt-rotor drive systems.